More on ALMS Green Challenge – Energy Calculations
KEY FORMULAS FOR ALMS GREEN CALCULATIONS
Energy Used
Performance Efficiency Coefficient:
PEC = Total normalized observed fuel consumed during race divided by 1 million
Total BTU’s consumed
PEC = 1,000,000
Observed fuel consumed: Total fuel added at each pit stop + final stint fuel
Final stint fuel: Observed fuel consumption rate X distance after last stop
(Energy value and composition of each fuel used in the American Le Mans Series is verified by Argonne National Laboratory)
GHG Emitted
Greenhouse Gas Coefficient:
GGC = 3X (Upstream CO2 + Downstream CO2)
Upstream CO2 = Total energy consumed X GREET upstream factor
Downstream CO2 = Total energy consumed X Carbon in the fuel used
Petroleum Fuels Displaced
Petroleum Displacement Coefficient:
PDC = Y x (Upstream petroleum energy + Downstream petroleum energy)
(Wheel to Tank – WTT) (Tank to Wheels – TTW)
"Y" to be determined
Upstream petroleum energy = % of each fuel type used X GREET factors.
Downstream petroleum energy = Total energy consumed X% of petroleum in type of fuel used (see factors below)
Shell GTL = 95% IMSA E10 = 91% IMSA E85R = 34%
(All upstream factors taken from the GREET model supplied by Argonne National Laboratory)
All formulas subject to adjustment
The following is a hypothetical calculation of the criteria used for winning the Green Challenge™:
WTW (Well-to-Wheel) WTW Efficiency
GHGs (Greenhouse Gases) Petroleum Quotient Score
Car A 0.268 2.596 2.587 5.451
Car B 0.412 3.990 3.977 8.379
Car C 0.417 3.768 4.331 8.516
Car D 0.432 4.187 4.173 8.792
The above calculation is the result of more than 30 separate pieces of data being gathered to create performance adjusted scores for well-to-wheel greenhouse gases, well-to-wheel petroleum usage and an efficiency quotient in order to achieve a final score
Because Car A has the lowest score of the race, it will have the equal number of race winning points (20, 25 or 30, depending on race distance) deducted from its season-beginning maximum (i.e. – 250 points in 2008).
Points for less than 4 hours: 20-16-13-10-8-6-4-3-2-1 (7 races in ’08)
Points for 4 to less than 8 hours: 25-21-18-15-13-11-9-8-7-6 (2 races in ’08)
Points for 8 hours or more: 30-26-23-20-18-16-14-13-12-11 (2 races in ’08)